Download Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia Tipología sintáctica

Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
Predicados de Leipzig VI. DIE y KILL
1. Ainu
Tan ay ani acotca ciki kamuy ray ruwe an?
tan ay
ani a=cotca
ciki kamuy ray ruwe
an
this arrow INST IND.A=shoot if bear die INF.EV exist.SG
‘Will a bear die if this arrow hits it?’
Emus hene tasiro hene ruyke wa, ani (aresu cape) rayke.
emus hene tasiro hene ruyke wa ani
a=resu
cape ray-ke
sword also knife also sharpen and INST IND.A=raise cat die-CAUS
‘Sharpen your sword and your mountain knife, and kill the cat (that we used to have) with
them.’
2. Balinés
Lelipine ento mati.
lelipi=ne
ento mati
snake=DEF that die
‘The snake died.’
[1]
V
Anake muani ento ngematiang musuhne aji keris.
anak=e
muani ento ngematiang musuh=ne
aji keris
person=DEF male that kill
enemy=3POSS with kris
‘The man killed his enemy with a 'kris'.’
3. Bezhta
Iyo yuɣoyo.
iyo
y-uɣo-yo
mother(II).ABS II-die-PST
‘The mother died.’
1-abs abs[1].V
Öždi bekela k'obalalid biƛ'eyo.
öždi
bekela
k'obala-li-d
b-iƛ'e-yo
boy.ERG snake(III).ABS stick-OBL-INSTR III-kill-PST
‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’
4. Even
Etiken köken.
etiken
köke-n
old_man die-AOR.3SG
‘The old man died.’
1-nom V.subj[1]
Hurken mavdiliv moč man.
hurken mavdili-v
mo-č
ma-n
boy snake-ACC stick-INSTR kill-AOR.3SG
‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’
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Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
5. Japonés de Hokkaido
Sono syo:nenga bo:de hebio korosita.
sono syo:nen=ga bo:=de
hebi=o
korosi-ta
that boy=NOM stick=INST snake=ACC kill-PST
‘That boy killed the snake with a stick.’
1-nom V
Hebiwa syo:nenni bo:de korosareta.
hebi=wa
syo:nen=ni bo:=de
koros-are-ta
snake=TOP boy=DAT stick=INST kill-PASS-PST
‘The snake was killed with a stick by the boy.’
6. Hoocak
a) Wijukra t'ee.
wijuk=ra t'ee
cat=DEF die
‘The cat died.’
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und[1].V
b) Wijuk ee hanįra howažaxjįra t'ee karagi hii.
wijuk ee
hanį=ra
howaža-xjį=ra
t'ee karagi
hii
cat 3EMPH have.NTL=DEF be.sick-INTS=DEF die cause.own make/CAUS
‘His cat was real sick and he made him kill it.’
c) Waagaxhaja hocieja hošgac hanįhairera, eeja t'ee kįį hiire.
waagaxhaja hoci-eja
hošgac ha-nįhe-ire=ra
eeja t'ee kįį
school
house-there abuse COLL-be/PROG-SBJ.3PL=DEF there die make.self
hii-ire
make/CAUS-SBJ.3PL
‘They bullied him in school and they made him commit suicide.’
7. Islandés
Snákurinn dó.
snákur-inn
dó
snake-the.nom died
‘The snake died’.
Maðurinn drap óvin sinn með kylfu.
maður-inn
drap óvin
sinn
man-the.nom killed enemy.acc his.acc
‘The man killed his enemy with a club.’
8. Indonesio de Yakarta
a) Kucingnya mati.
kucing-nya mati
cat-ASSOC die
‘The cat died.’
1-nom V.agr[1]
með kylfu
with club.dat
1
V
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Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
b) Ibu Dalan baru meninggal.
Ibu
Dalan baru men-(t)inggal
mother Dalan just G.ACT-live
‘Dalan's mother just died.’
Nadia bunuh anjing.
Nadia bunuh anjing
Nadia kill dog
‘Nadia killed the dog.’
9. Jaminjung
Majani yangarra digirrij gajgany.
majani yangarra digirrij ga-jga-ny
maybe kangaroo die
3SG.S-go-PST.PFV
(Many kites are circling there), maybe a kangaroo died.
1-abs subj[1].V
Ningningmayanbiya burrangga langinymij.
ning-ning-mayan=biya
burr-angga
langiny-mij
RDP-break.off-ITER=SEQ 3PL.S-go.PRS stick-COM
‘They are killing them with a stick.’
10. Japonés estándar
Musi-ga sin-da.
musi-ga
sin-da
insect-nom die-past
‘The insects died.’
Syoonen-ga (satyuuzai-de) ka-o korosi-ta.
syoonen-ga satyuuzai-de
ka-o
korosi-ta
boy-nom
insecticide-instr mosquito-acc kill-past
‘The boy killed the mosquitos (with the insecticide).’
11. Chino mandarín
Lǎo Wáng shàngzhōu sǐ le.
Lao Wang shang-zhou si-le
Lao Wang last-week die-PERF
‘Old Wang died last week.’
Wǔ Sōng bǎ lǎohǔ shā le.
Wu Song ba laohu sha-le
Wu Song BA tiger kill-PERF
‘Wu Song killed the tiger.’
Lǎohǔ bèi Wǔ Sōng shāle.
Laohu bei Wu Song sha-le
tiger BEI Wu Song kill-PERF
The tiger was killed by Wu Song.
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Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia
Licenciatura en lingüística
Tipología sintáctica
Iván Salgado G. – 2016-1
12. Mandinka
a) Kewó saáta.
kew-ó
saá-ta
man-DEF
die-PF.POS
‘The man died.’
b) Saajíyo faáta.
saajíy-o
faá-ta
sheep-DEF kill/die-PF.POS
‘The sheep died / was killed.’
13. Árabe moderno estándar
Māta rraǧulu fī mustašfâ.
māta
r-raǧul-u
fī mustašfâ
die.PRF.3SG.M ART-man.M-NOM in hospital.M.GEN.IDEF
‘The man died in a hospital.’
Qatala lwaladu lḥayyata bi-lʿaṣâi.
qatala
l-walad-u
l-ḥayyat-a
kill.PRF.3SG.M ART-boy.M-NOM ART-snake.F-ACC
‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’
bi-l-ʿaṣâ-i
with-ART-stick.F-GEN
14. Yaqui
U chu'u muuke.
u chu'u muuke
det dog die
‘The dog is dying.’
Joan juyapo bakotta me'a.
Joan juya-po bakot-ta me'a
Juan scrub-loc snake-acc kill
‘Juan is killing the snake on the field.’
15. Chatino de Zenzontepec
a) Nteyaja nu chu nkaā wiskā.
ntey-aja nu
chu
n-kaā wiskā
PRG-die NOM NOM.HUM CPL-be churchwarden
‘Those who were churchwardens are dying.’
Na kweta kyaʔāaʔ nkyaą nkayujwi jiʔį̄ na kwénāaʔ.
na
kweta kyaʔā=Vʔ
nk-yaą
nkay-u-jwi
jiʔį̄ na
ART outsider mountain=DEM CPL-come.BASE(.3) CPL-CAUS-die(.3) RN ART
kwénā=Vʔ
snake=DEM
‘The Mixtec came to kill the snake.’
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