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PRESENT PERFECT
Presente
Perfecto
Un componente esencial del presente perfecto son los verbos en participio
pasado. Los cuales traducidos al español , terminan en : “ado”, “ido”, “to”,
“so” y “cho”.
Example:
Present
Do
Drink
Go
Sing
Write
Ride
Buy
*play
Past
did
drank
went
sang
wrote
rode
bought
played
Past Participle
done = hecho
drunk = bebido
gone = ido
sung = cantado
written = escrito
ridden = montado
bought= comprado
played = jugado
*Nota que los verbos regulares (los que en pasado terminan en “ed”) son
exactamente igual en participio pasado
El presente perfecto se realiza de la siguiente manera:
Persona + has / have + verbo en participio pasado + complemento…..
He
She
It
I
We
You
they
has
have
eaten
eaten
in a restaurant all this week
in a restaurant all this week
La traducción de la primera oración sería:
El
ha
comido
en un restaurante toda esta semana
Cabe hacer notar que en el presente perfecto el “have” no se traduce como el
verbo “tener”, sino como el verbo “haber”.
¿En qué casos se usa el presente perfecto?
1.- recent actions
2.- from past to present
3.- repeated activities
4.- unusual activities
1.- RECENT ACTIONS
El "present perfect" es un tiempo que sirve para describir acciones que
acaban de suceder en el pasado, o sea muy recientemente
Examples:
I have bought a car.
Yo he comprado un coche. Nos indica que la acción de comprar el coche acaba
de realizarse recientemente.
I have read a book.
Yo he leído un libro. La acción acaba de finalizar. Ya que si se mencionara el
momento de su realización, entonces habría que utilizar el "past simple": I read
a book this morning. Yo leí un libro esta mañana .
No obstante, a veces sí se puede mencionar el periodo de tiempo en el que la
acción se ha desarrollado, pero únicamente si este periodo de tiempo aún no
ha finalizado:
This morning I have drunk three coffees. Esta mañana me he tomado 3
cafés
utilizo en este caso el "present perfect" si el periodo de la mañana aún no ha
terminado. Ya que si este periodo hubiera finalizado habría que utilizar
entonces el "past simple": This morning I drank three coffees. Esta mañana me
tomé tres cafés: nos indica que la mañana ya finalizó, Ya es de tarde o noche.
2.- FROM PAST TO PRESENT
Otro uso típico del "present perfect" es para describir acciones que
empezaron en el pasado y que aún no han finalizado:
I have lived in this city since 1980. He vivido en esta ciudad desde 1980:
implica que sigo viviendo en la ciudad.
I have played tennis since my childhood. He jugado al tenis desde mi infancia: y
sigo jugando
Si la acción hubiera ya finalizado entonces habría que utilizar el "past simple":
I lived in this city for 10 years. Yo viví en esta ciudad 10 años: pero ya no vivo
ahí.
I played tennis for many years. Yo jugué al tenis muchos años: pero ya no
juego.
3.- REPEATED ACTIONS
Acciones que se han repetido varias veces
Example:
I have seen TITANIC like ten times. I love that movie!
He visto TITANIC como diez veces. Amo esa película.
She has cleaned her room three times this month
He has run in the park twice this week.
I have been in English courses four times this year
4. UNUSUAL EVENTS
Para preguntar acerca de eventos inusuales se usa el presente perfecto,
generalmente en forma de preguntas.
Have you ever ridden a horse?
Has alguna vez montado a caballo
Have you ever eaten Chinese food?
Have you ever drunk “Vodka”?
Have you ever eaten “Japanese food”?
Have you ever climbed a mountain ?
Yes, I
have /
No, I
haven``t
Presente perfecto negativo
La forma negativa se forma con la partícula de negación "not" entre el auxiliar y
el verbo principal:
I have not done my homework. Yo no he hecho mi tarea.
Presente perfecto interrogativo
La forma interrogativa se construye con el auxiliar al comienzo de la oración,
seguido del sujeto y del verbo principal:
Have you been in Seville? ¿ Has estado en Sevilla ?
“ALREADY”
Y “YET” CON EL PRESENTE PERFECTO
Already y yet se usan con el Present Perfect (have + participio)
PREGUNTAS: YET se usa en preguntas (interrogativas) y se coloca al final de
la oración. = ¿YA?
Have you cleaned your room yet? = ¿has limpiado tu cuarto ya?
Have you studied biology yet?
ALREADY se usa para contestar que sí (afirmativas) o para decir que algo ya
ha ocurrido, y se coloca entre el auxiliar have y el verbo.= SÍ, YA.
I have already eaten breakfast. Ya he comido my desayuno
I have already resolved my mathematics lesson.
I have already studied the English present tenses.
YET se usa para contestar que no (negativas) o para decir que algo todavía no
ha ocurrido y se coloca al final de la oración. = TODAVÍA NO, AÚN NO
I haven‘t eaten my breakfast yet. No he comido mi desayuno todavía
I haven‘t resolved the mathematics lesson yet.
I haven‘t studied biology yet.
PRESENT PERFECT EXERCISES
Exercise 1
Fill the gaps with 'have' or 'has'.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
I ___________answered the question.
She____________ opened the window.
They__________ called us.
You__________ carried a box.
It _____________rained a lot.
We_____________ washed the car.
He______________ closed the window.
Jenny______________ locked the door.
9. The girls _______________ visited the museum.
10.John and Sophie_____________ helped in the garden.
Exercise 2
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use Present Perfect.
Example: I _____________ my father's car. (to wash)
Answer: I have washed my father's car.
1) Karen …………………………………….me an e-mail. (to send)
2) Dave and Pat……………………………………museum. (to visit)
3) I…………………………………………at the pet shop. (to be)
4) They ………………….already …………….… dinner. (to eat)
5) Marcus……………………………. an accident. (to have)
6) We…………………… the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)
7) I……………. just ……………………..my bike. (to clean)
8) Emily ……………………………………her room. (to paint)
9) Lisa and Colin…………………. to a concert. (to go)
10) My friends ………………………………………………smoking. (to give up)
Exercise 3
Write sentences using present perfect
Example: John / sell / his car
John has sold his car
1. Bob / visit / his grandma _____________________________________
2. Jimmy / play / on the computer ________________________________
3. Sue and Walter / wash / their car ______________________________
4. Andrew / repair / his bike ____________________________________
5. Phil / help / Anne with maths _________________________________
6. Brad and Louise / watch / a film ______________________________
7. Tamara / talk to / her best friend ______________________________
8. Bridgette / draw / a picture ___________________________________
9. Carol / read / a computer magazine ____________________________
10. Tom and Alice / be / to a restaurant ____________________________
Exercise 4
Write NEGATIVE sentences in PRESENT PERFECT
Example:
Sarah / not / wash the dishes. Sarah hasn’t washed the dishes
1. Anita / not / clean the kitchen
2. Maureen and Gavin / not / water the plants
3. Joey / not / make his bed
4. David / not / buy milk
5. Lisa / not / be to the baker's
6. Aran and Jack / not / do their homework
7. Jane and Ben / not / tidy up their rooms
8. Alex / not / feed the hamster
9. Hazel / not / empty the bin
Exercise 5
PRESENT
PERFECT
INTERROGATIVE
Write questions????????? in present perfect simple.
1. you / answer / the questionnaire.
Have you answered the questionnaire?
2. Jenny / lock / the door ________________________________________?
3. Walter / call / us ________________________________________?
4. you / see / the picture ________________________________________?
5. your parents / get / the letter ________________________________________?
6. it / rain / a lot ________________________________________?
7.
they / done/ the homework ______________________________________?
8. Maureen / watch / the film _________________________________________?
9.
Bob / read / many books ________________________________________?
10. ever / you / be / to London ________________________________________?
Speaking
Preguntale a tu compañero si ha hecho alguna actividad inusual y haz preguntas acerca
de ese evento. Example:
A: have you ever seen a ghost?
B: yes, I have.
A: really? When?
B: Two years ago. I was at home when…….
Reading 1
Instructions: Read the text and answer the questions
THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE
At 2 pm on 5 December 1945, six US bombers took off from Fort Lauderdale in the
USA for a training flight in perfect weather. Shortly afterwards, the pilots radioed that
their flight instruments were all malfunctioning. Two hours after take-off, all contact
with the planes was lost. A reconnaissance plane was immediately dispatched to
search for the missing planes. Within 20 minutes, radio contact with it had also been
lost. No trace of any of the planes was ever found. In all, six planes and 27 men had
vanished into the air. They were never seen again despite the efforts to locate them.
The disappearance of the six planes was far from being the first mysterious incident in
the area: for years, navigational problems and strange magnetic forces had been
reported. The disappearance was not even the greatest disaster within the triangle.
The Cyclops, a 19,000-ton US ship was sailing from Barbados to Norfolk, Virginia. In
March 1918, when it vanished with its crew of 309 from the surface of the ocean
without making a distress call and without the slightest wreckage ever being found.
The losses of boats and planes in that area defy explanation. The disasters are the
origin of a new phrase in the English language – the Bermuda Triangle and this phrase
has entered legend. The Bermuda Triangle has been called the Devils’ Triangle, the
Triangle of Death, the Graveyard of the Atlantic. It has swallowed up 140 ships and
planes and more than 1,000 people. Today many airmen and sailors are still afraid of
that area of the Atlantic Ocean.
1.- Where was Fort Lauderdale located?
2.- What disappeared on 5 December 1945?
3.- What has been reported about the area?
4.- What was “the Cyclops”?
5.- When did it disappear?
6.- What are the other names for the Bermuda Triangle?
7.- What have disappeared in the Bermuda triangle?
8.- How do pilots and sailors feel about that area?
Reading 2
OLYMPIC SUCCESS
Instructions: Read the text and complete the sentences
You don’t see it on television, but the road to Olympic success is a long one; and it is hard,
physically, emotionally and financially. There is the stress of competition and the separation
from loved ones, besides the investment in training, and equipment. It also requires time and
dedication.
Stacey has spent the last 13 years preparing for the Olympics. Today, the young athlete feels
the pressure. Four years from now, she’ll be 21 and too old for the gymnastic competition in the
Olympics. Even when very young, a dedicated athlete must practice or attend meetings five or
six nights a week. This exhausting routine includes doing one’s homework in the car on the way
to practice and sleeping on the way back. Her life is hectic… Three times a week, her trainers
start working with her as early as 5:30 in the morning. Then she goes through the routine of
uneven bars, floor exercise, etc. After that, she goes off to class at the public school next to the
gym. At 4, she is back in the gym till 7:30, working on her own routine is optional.
“Olympic competition is a family decision for most competitors,” says her Dad. “Without the
support of their families, the gymnasts couldn’t become the great achievers they are.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The road to Olympic success is ____________________________________________
During the road to success there is__________________________________________
Time Tracy has spent preparing for the Olympics_______________________________
A dedicated athlete must _________________________________________________
An athlete`s routine _____________________________________________________
Time Tracy is at the gym _________________________________________________
An important factor for Olympic competition __________________________________
Answer key:
Exercise 1
1.- Have
2.- has
3.- have
4.- have
5.- has
6.- have
7.- has
8.- has
9.- have
10.-have
Exercise 2
1) Karen has sent me an e-mail. (to send)
2) Dave and Pat have visited the museum. (to visit)
3) I have been at the pet shop. (to be)
4) They have already eaten dinner. (to eat)
5) Marcus has had an accident. (to have)
6) We have done the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)
7) I have just cleaned my bike. (to clean)
8) Emily has painted her room. (to paint)
9) Lisa and Colin have gone to a concert. (to go)
10) My friends have given up smoking. (to give up)
Exercise 3
1. Bob has visited his grandma
2. Jimmy has played on the computer
3. Sue and Walter have washed their car
4. Andrew has repaired his bike
5. Phil has helped Anne with maths
6. Brad and Louise have watched a film
7. Tamara has talked to her best friend
8. Bridgette has drawn a picture
9. Carol has read a computer magazine
10. Tom and Alice have been to a
restaurant
Exercise 4
1. Anita hasn’t cleaned the kitchen
2. Maureen and Gavin have not watered the
plants
3. Joey hasn’t made his bed
4. David hasn’t bought milk
5. Lisa hasn’t been to the baker's
6. Aran and Jack haven’t done their
homework
7. Jane and Ben haven’t tidied up their
rooms
8. Alex hasn’t fed the hamster
9. Hazel hasn’t emptied the bin
Exercise 5
11. Have you answered the questionnaire?
12. Has Jenny locked the door ?
13. Has Walter called us ?
14. Have you seen the picture ?
15. Have your parents gotten the letter ?
16. Has it rained a lot ?
17. Have they done the homework ?
18. Has Maureen watched the film ?
19. Has Bob read many books ?
20. Have you ever been to London ?
.
Reading 1
1.- USA
2.-Six planes/ US bombers/ 27 men
3.- Strange magnetic forces
4.- 19 000 ton US ship
5.- March 1918
6.- the devil’s tringle, the triangle of death, the graveyard of the atlantic
7.- 140 ships and planes and more of 1000 people
8.- afraid
Reading 2
1.- hard physically, emotionally and financially
2.- stress of the competition and the separation of the loved ones besides the investment in
training
3.-13 years
4.- practice, attend to meetings, five to six times a week
5.- do homework in the car and sleep on the way back
6.-5:30 in the morning and from 4 to 7:30 pm
7.- Family