Download Cáncer de Pulmón
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
La EPOC como factor de riesgo para Cáncer de Pulmón Dr. Juan Pablo de Torres Tajes Servicio de Neumología Clínica Universidad de Navarra Resumen •Una asociación letal •Nuestros datos •Posibles mecanismos patogénicos •Propuestas para el futuro •Conclusiones Cáncer de Pulmón •El 85% de los casos están asociado al tabaco. •La sobrevida global al momento del diagnóstico es del 5-15%. •No existen aún normativas que recomienden estudios de cribado de cáncer de pulmón en pacientes de alto riesgo. Pirozynscki M. 100 years of lung cancer. Respir Med. 2006 Relación entre la mortalidad por EPOC y Cáncer de pulmón Obstrucción de la vía aérea y Cáncer de pulmón “The rate of development of lung cancer was significantly different in the two groups (p = 0.024): the 10-year cumulative percentage was 8.8% for cases and 2.0% for controls” 1 113 COPD/113 smoker without COPD 10 yrs of follow up “Among cigarette smokers, the presence of airways obstruction was more of an indicator for the subsequent development of lung cancer than was age or the level of smoking” 2 1.Skillrud DM. Higher risk of lung cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A prospective, matched, controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:503-7. 2. Tockman MS. Airways obstruction and the risk for lung cancer. Ann Intern Med.1987;106:512- Enfisema y Cáncer de pulmón Zulueta JJ. Lung cancer in patients with bullous disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:519-22. Rozenshtein A. Incidental lung carcinoma detected at CT in patients selected for lung volume reduction surgery to treat severe pulmonary emphysema. Radiology. 1998;207:487-90. Assessing the relationship between lung cancer risk and emphysema detected on low-dose CT of the chest • En 5 años aproximadamente 1200 fumadores fueron examinados con low-dose spiral CT (LDCT) y espirometría. • Valoración visual cualitativa del enfisema • Se diagnosticaron 20 cánceres de pulmón. • 16 en estadío I, 2 in estadío II and 2 en estadío IIIb. de Torres et al. CHEST 2007; 132: 1932-8 Assessing the relationship between lung cancer risk and emphysema detected on low-dose CT of the chest Odds Ratio para el diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón RR IC 95% Emphysema 2,51 1,01– 6,23 COPD 2,10 0,79 – 5,58 Adjusted for age, sex and pack-years, emphysema or COPD. de Torres et al. CHEST 2007; 132: 1932-8 • Pittsburgh Lung Cancer Screening Study • 3,638 participantes (48% mujeres) • Espirometría Basal (sin broncodilatador) • Valoración visual cuantitativa del enfisema Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:738 Pittsburgh Lung Cancer Screening Study OR 95%CI Emphysema 3.14 1.91– 5.15 COPD 1.41 0.87- 2.29 Adjusted for age, sex and smoking and emphysema or COPD Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:738 Lung Cancer in patients with COPD: Incidence and Predicting factors de Torres JP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:913-9 Lung Cancer in patients with COPD: Incidence and Predicting factors •215 cases of lung cancer •Incidence density 16.7/1000 persons year •Most frequent histological type: squamous cell •904 died during the follow up time •174 due to lung cancer de Torres JP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:913-9 Incidencia de cáncer según el estadío de GOLD de Torres JP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:913-9 Variables asociadas al diagnostico de cáncer de pulmón en pacientes con EPOC de Torres JP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184:913-9 Mecanismos patológicos comunes propuestos Brody J and Spira A. State of the art. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammation, and lung cancer.Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006 Aug;3(6):535-7. Nature medicine, october 2008 Genes potentially involved in lung carcinogenesis and COPD pathogenesis Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha (nAChR) subunits 3 (CHRNA3) and 5 (CHRNA5), and the 4 nAChR subunit (CHRNB4) p53 Tumour suppressor genes p21 wap/C1P1 cell cycle marker RB1 Tumor supressor protein Hedgehog interacting protein Adcock IM. Respiration 2011; 81: 265-84 20%!! Participants were randomly assigned to undergo three annual screenings with either low-dose CT (26,722 participants) or single-view PA RXTX (26,732). Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography in patients with mild to moderate COPD: impact on survival Low Dose chest CT Anual Protocolo IELCAP Seguimiento regular EPOC RXTX basal Seguimiento regular EPOC Submited Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography in patients with mild to moderate COPD: impact on survival Características de los pacientes Submited Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography in patients with mild to moderate COPD: impact on survival Características de los pacientes Submited Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography in patients with mild to moderate COPD: impact on survival Tipo Histológico Estadio Oncológico TNM Reference Group Adeno 54% Squamous 37% Small cell 5% Screenig Group Adeno 65% Squamous 26% Small cell 5% Submited Lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography in patients with mild to moderate COPD: impact on survival Mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón Submited El Futuro del Screening? Fumadores y ex fumadores: Edad > 30 + Paquetes-año>10 Espirometría y LDCT Biomarcadores séricos o de esputo ? Obstrucción + enfisema Normal Screening cada 5 años?? Biomarcadores ↑ ↑ ↑ Screening periódico: cada año? Conclusiones • Fumadores o ex fumadores adultos con EPOC/Enfisema son población de alto riesgo para desarrollar cáncer de pulmón. • Aquellos con obstrucción leve y enfisema deben ser objetivo de un seguimiento estrecho (screening) por su riesgo especialmente alto. MUCHAS GRACIAS VIVA SAN FERMÍN!!!!