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Sintaxis espacial en arqueología
y antropología urbana
(en construcción)
Carlos Reynoso
UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES
http://carlosreynoso.com.ar
Objetivos
• Introducir al uso de técnicas de sintaxis
espacial en arqueología (del paisaje) y
antropología (urbana)
• Suministrar referencias a casos
• Evaluar alcances y límites de la técnica en
el campo disciplinar
• Indicar repositorios, herramientas y
recursos disponibles
Agenda
• Presentación de la problemática
• Revisión cronológica de los principales
estudios de casos
• Conclusiones
• Referencias y recursos
Estudios de casos
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M. J. Grove – Vuelos de Lévy en pastoreo en Sudán (tbd)
MR Hopkins – Análisis reticular de compuestos habitacionales en Teotihuacán
(1987)
Anthony Bonnao & al – Monumentos en Malta (1990)
Jerry Moore – Patrón y significado en arquitectura Chimú (1992)
Denise Lawrence y Setha Low – El ambiente construido y la forma espacial en
antropología (1990)
Laurel Cooper – Análisis comparativo de casas grandes de Chaco Canyon (1997)
Adam Smith – Arquitectura política urartiana (1999)
Ruth Van Dyke – SE en Casa de Guadalupe, Chaco Canyon (1999)
Tammy Stone – Integración de comunidad prehistórica en Point of Pines, Arizona
(2000)
Deborah Pellow – Diferencias culturales y formas urbanas en Accra (2001)
Michele Hegmon – SE y otras cuestiones en arqueología (2003)
Matthew Liebmann, TJ Ferguson y Robert Preucel – Asentamientos, arquitectura y
cambio social en la era de la revuelta Pueblo (2005)
Rafael Vega Centeno Sara-Lafosse – Tesis, Cerro Lampay en Andes Centrales
(2005)
Gilles Spence-Morrow – SE aplicada a Tiahuanaco (2009)
M R Hopkins
• Análisis reticular de compuestos
habitacionales de Teotihuacán (1987)
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In the ancient city of Teotihuacan, Mexico most of the population was
housed in large apartment compounds, often about 60 m square and
containing up to about 250 rooms. These structures have no close
ethnographic or archaeological parallels. Many of them are so large and
complex that it is difficult to understand their organisation through simple
visual examination of plans. In an attempt to describe and compare these
plans, simple network statistics are derived for nine compounds that have
been completely or almost completely excavated. Several other compounds
are discussed qualitatively. Although the sample is small, it suffices to show
several kinds of inhomogeneity in the plans of the compounds, suggesting
differences in design process, purpose, and history. Among the dimensions
along which compounds vary are: single-centred versus multicentred plans;
dendritic versus circuited planning at various scales; relative ease of access
of internal versus external spaces; overall versus smaller-scale
organisation; presence or absence of 'subcompounds'.
Sally Foster
• Análisis de acceso en edificios de la Edad de Hierro en
Escocia (1989)
• Clearly the pattern of space in buildings can be expected
to relate to the way that buildings are used to structure
and reproduce social relations. As an archaeologist,
wishing to infer social structure by its reflection in the
building pattern, one may hope the relation may be
reasonably direct. Here the formal geometrical method of
access analysis is used to elucidate the pattern in a
distinctive kind of prehistoric settlement form, and thence
to elucidate the social structure which both produced it
and was structured by it.
A. Bonanno, C. Boulder, T.Malone, T. Stoddart
• Monumentos en
Malta (1990)
Jerry Moore
• Patrón y significado en arquitectura Chimú (1992)
Laurel Moore
• Análisis comparativo de casas grandes de
Chaco Canyon (1997)
Wendy Bustard
• Evolución de las casas de Chaco Canyon (1997)
Jason Shapiro
• Fingerprints on the landscape (1997)
Jason Shapiro
• (Cont.)
Adam Smith
• Arquitectura política urartiana (1999)
Ruth Van Dyke
• SE en la Casa de Guadalupe (1999)
Tammy Stone
• Integración de comunidad prehistórica en
Point of Pines, Arizona (2000)
Liebmann-Ferguson-Preucel
• Pueblo Revolt era (2001)
Deborah Pellow
• SE en Accra (2001)
Marion Cutting
• SE en sitios de Anatolia (2003)
•
Archaeologists have applied the quantitative access analysis techniques of space
syntax to archaeological material with varying degrees of success. This article makes
a distinction between access analysis as a quantitative methodology and as a nonquantitative 'tool to think with' and suggests the level of architectural definition needed
for the quantitative approach. The paper begins with a brief description of access
analysis and discusses five studies that illustrate its application to archaeological
material. It then presents original research, applying the method to three plans from
two prehistoric Anatolian sites, Çatalhöyük and Hacilar. The results are discussed in
qualitative rather than quantitative terms. A number of problems are identified even
when applying access analysis to late Chalcolithic Hacilar, a small settlement with
well-preserved buildings, clear entrances and a boundary wall. These include a
difficulty in identifying discrete household spaces, a lack of information about the
upper storeys, and uncertainty about access arrangements between communal
spaces and individual household units. The paper concludes that access analysis as
a quantitative technique is of limited use in studying prehistoric constructed space
unless the archaeological record already provides information about the definition of
individual spaces and unambiguous evidence as to how those spaces were
accessed. On the other hand, if one limits the use of access analysis to a visually-rich
'tool to think with', it can provide useful iinsights into settlement life. The paper
suggests a number of implications for both research and field archaeologists.
Miranda Stockett
• Aproximación a la dinámica social a través
del análisis de acceso en Las Canoas,
Honduras (2005)
Kevin Fisher
• Desigualdad política en la Edad de Bronce
en Chipre (2006)
Rafael Vega Centeno (2005)
• SE y teoría de la práctica en Andes
Centrales
Giles Spence-Morrow
• Analizing the invisible (2009)
M. J. Grove
• A walk in the dust (s/f)
Conclusiones
• Diversidad de aportes
• Necesidad de un marco teórico de
cobertura
• SE es una herramienta técnica
• Rendimiento superior al de métodos
convencionales
• Mediciones vinculadas a cuestiones
cualitativas
• Área de vacancia en antropología urbana
Recursos y Referencias
http://carlosreynoso.com.ar
• http://carlosreynoso.com.ar
¿Preguntas?
Carlos Reynoso
http://carlosreynoso.com.ar