Download Pay - Ingles-Jaime
Transcript
Department tasks Health and Safety Payment Working conditions Training Recruitment: hiring and firing application letters CV GRAMMAR Questions Present Perfect Modals: order suggest advice 1 1.- INTRODUCCIÓN El departamento de Recursos Humanos (Human Resources or Personnel) será el primero que estudiaremos de entre los diferentes departamentos de una compañía. Como en temas anteriores iremos conociendo el funcionamiento de este departamento a través de los diferentes ejercicios propuestos. Este tema tiene un pequeño anexo de vocabulario que te vendrá bien tener a mano cuando estés realizando los ejercicios. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Test your Business English Business Grammar Builder Ed. Penguin-Longman Ed. MacMillan 2.- TAREAS Desde que estudiaste el tema 2, probablemente sabes reconocer alguna de las tareas de las que está al cargo el personal (staff) que trabaja en este departamento. Haz el siguiente ejercicio para recordarlas. Después iremos detallando alguna de ellas. 2 Match each group of personnel terms with an appropriate heading from the table below: Working conditions Equal opportunities Training Pay Health & safety Recruitment 1: _________________________ accident first aid 2: _________________________ course self-study 3: _________________________ wages salaries 4:__________________________ apply for 5: _________________________ flexible hours crêche facilities home working returner 6: _________________________ hours part-time CV interviews full-time shifts holidays 1. ABOUT PAYMENT - Recuerda la diferencia entre los términos wages y salary: 2 Wages: ............................................................................................... Salary: ................................................................................................ Pero, por supuesto hay mucho más vocabulario relacionado con PAY que estas dos palabras. Haz los siguientes ejercicios para ir conociéndolo 3 3 1.-Charlie Somopoulos has just agreed his pay with the Board. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below. benefits car expenses income pension raise health insurance salary a) His base ……………………….. will be €500,000 per year b) But he will get many other …………………………. as well c) He has an expensive company ……………………….. d) He has unlimited travel and entertainment …………………………….. e) And he gets free ……………………………. f) So his total ………………………….. next year could be more than a million euros g) When he is 65, he will get a ……………………….of €400,000 per year h) Even so, he is planning to ask for another …………………….. soon 4 Choose the best answer in each of the following: a) If a company calculates payment for work done on an hourly basis, they pay ... i) wages ii) rebate iii) interest iv) salary b) The money someone gets for work done is known as ……………………… i) profits ii) winnings iii) earnings iv) gain c) Salespeople are often paid a percentage of what they sell. This is known as … i) commission ii) profits iii) benefits iv) mark up d) Companies have to hand over some of their employees’ pay to the State every month and so make ………………………….. from pay i) reductions ii) percentages iii) deductions iv) takeaways 4 e) After this money has been taken away, the employees receive …………… pay i) low ii) net iii) gross iv) no f) To encourage employees to work harder some companies offer …………………., which could be extra money, extra holidays or gifts i) carrots ii) incentives iii) attractions iv) motivation g) When people reach a certain age when they can no longer work they ……… i) fade ii) return iii) cease iv) retire h) The money which they receive after they stop work is known as …………… i) pension ii) retirement iii)allowance iv) insurance i) If a woman stops work for a short time to have a baby she has time off work called …. i) baby holiday iv) motherhood ii) mother time iii) maternity leave j) The company list of people to be paid is known as the …………………… i) pay roll ii) pay card iii) pay file iv) pay-in book k) Each employee should be given a small piece of paper to explain exactly how much money is being paid to them and how much has been taken off. This is a …………........ i) pay card ii) pay slip iii) statement iv) receipt l) More money would be nice, so people hope for a...................................... i) pay lift ii) pay move iii) pay climb iv) pay rise m) Employees who have to travel on business will have their ................................... for their hotel bills, food and travel paid back to them i) cheques ii) accounts iii) expenses iv) prices n) Things such as company cars or cheap travel are special extras for a few employees and are known as .................................... i) perks ii) points iii) winnings iv) savers 5 5 Complete this text about “pay” using the words in the table below: incentive bonus double time golden handshake pension overtime pay differentials pay scales pay-roll remuneration minimum wage salary time and a half wages John Bright is the Marketing Director of Micro Tech, a fast growing electronic equipment manufacturer with 600 people on the (1) ................................... he was headhunted from another company, and his (2) ....................................... is very high. He also gets a large annual (3) ....................................... if sales are good, which is of course a big (4).... ................................................ His predecessor was firedbut he was given a big (5)......................................................: approximately three years’ (6) .......................................plus a full (7) ...................................., even though he was only 58 years old. Micro Tech has a number of different (8) .................................................... The cleaners do not earn much more than the (9) ......................................................, and the production workers are paid according to their skill: there are strict (10) ...............................................between fully-skilled employees. The (11) .................................................... of Paul Gasgoine, the janitor, at the Micro Tech headquarters, are not very high, but he has plenty of opportunities to do (12) ................................................, which earns him (13) ................................... in the evenings and on Saturdays, and (14) ..........................................if he has to work on Sundays 6 2.- WORKING CONDITIONS 6 Generosity Inc. has decided to improve the working conditions of its employees. Choose the correct term for each aspect of its new policy. 1. We will increase the amount of ........................ for women who are expecting babies a) maternal leave d) maternity leave b) mothering leave c) maternity time 2. We will increase the size of the .................................... by 10%. a) manpower b) workforce c) humar resources d) employees 3. We will give everyone ................................. training at least twice a year. a) in-house b) tailoring c) designed d) outhouse 4. Night ........................... workers will get paid double time for working unsocial hours. a) owl b) shift c) time d) group 5. We will pay everyone an extra ....................................... at Christmas. a) salary b) expense c) comisión d) bonus 6. We will give …………… employees the same status as full-timers. a) small time b) part-time c) short time d) extra time 7. Employees will only have to give one week’s ............................. before leaving. a) notice b) delay c) note d) resignation 3.- EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES Equal Opportunities ( Igualdad de oportunidades) es un área en la que ya bastantes compañías tienen legislación para proteger a grupos específicos de ser discriminados o recibir un trato injusto. Entre estos grupos se encuentran las mujeres 7 7 ¿A qué áreas afecta la política de Equal Opportunities ? t……….. of c……………. w…………& s…………… c…………. p……………. j………. s……………….. w………… c……………………… 8 Sally Pereira has just been made Managing Director of Grotesko, a big retail chain. She wants to improve working conditions for women in the company. Match the features in her policy (1-10) with the descriptions (a-j). 1 Guarantee EQUAL PAY. a) Give women more chance to stay at home if their children are ill. 2 Introduce FLEXITIME b) Make it easier for women to move into senior management positions 3 Improve MATERNITY LEAVE c) Give women more time away from work when they have babies. 4 Encourage TELEWORKING d) Give employees fax machines and computer so that they can sometimes work from home. 5 Allow more DAYS OFF e) Organize a facility where employees may leave their children during the working day. 6 Increase the number of RETURNERS f) Give employees more fredom about the time of day when they start or stop work. 7 Introduce JOB SHARING g) Encourage women who left the company to start families, to come back to their old jobs. 8. Provide CRÈCHE FACILITIES h) Give women the same money as men for doing the same kind of work. 9. Provide EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES i) Give women the same chance to get job as men. 10. Break the GLASS CEILING j) Allow partners to share the same position. 8 4.-TRAINING En la política de la compañía se debe incluir también una formación continua y específica. O bien la compañías pagan a sus empleados por asistir a cursillos de formación, o expertos en las diferentes áreas se desplazan a las compañías para impartirlos. Hagamos el siguiente ejercicio para conocer en qué pueden consistir estos cursillos: 9 Match the training department’s course titles (1-10) with their description (a-j) : .....1 Communication Skills a) Create a positive image for your company on the telephone. .....2 Finance for Non-financial Managers b) The objectives, the structure, facts and opinions,clear presentation of written information. .....3 Leadership Training c) Learn how to arrive at a win-win agreement with your business partners. .....4 Project Management d) Are you a developer, an organiser or an adviser? Find out the role which you like to play and the roles of the other members of your group. .....5 Total Quality Management e) Decide what does not need to be done, then what does need to be done, then do it. .....6 Team Working f) Plan your profits and improve your cash flow. .....7 Negotiating Skills g) Become a powerful presenter. Make your audience know that you are right. .....8 Handling Customers Calls h) What it is, what it costs, how to get it, how to make everyone in the organisation believe in it. .....9 Time Management i) Direct your employees! Motivate your workforce! 9 5.- RECRUITMENT Una compañía puede necesitar contratar (to recruit, to take on ; to hire) nuevo personal por diferentes razones: Expanding (expansión) Retirement/early retirement (jubilación) Transfer (traspaso) Resign (dimisión) Dismiss/Make redundant/Fire/ Sack (despido) 10 Use these verbs to complete this Personnel Manager’s report: “ As far as possible, we have reduced the work force by natural wastage. We have not replaced workers who have ............................(1). for personal reasons or ...........(2) at the age of 60. Some workers have ........................ ........................... ....................(3) at 50 or 55, choosing to accept our generous package of financial incentives. Thirty workers have ..............................(4) to the Harrow office. One newspaper reported that we have ...........................(5) or .............................(6) four workers in Royston for misconduct. This was untrue. We have not ...........................(7) any workers this year. We have ...........................(8) 26 staff in Royston but we have .........................................(9) 20 new employees in Harrow. We have also ..........................(10) 5 school leavers on the government’s training scheme.” Dependiendo de cuál sea la razón de la vacante ( vacancy) en la compañía se puede hacer un proceso de selección interno o externo ( internal or external selection process): Internal: Anuncios(adverts) en un tablón para avisos generales (notice board) anuncios en una revista interna (in-house magazine) “conexiones” (connections) External: anuncios (advertisements) en periódicos, revistas, on-line….. agencia pública de empleo (public employment agency) oferta pública de empleo (boletines) (public sources of employment) 10 anuncios en los campus universitarios (campus recruitment) buscar gente por medio de cazatalentos (headhunting) 11 Imagine that an employee “gives notice”; i.e. ,inform his/her company that he/she will be leaving the company (as soon as his/her contract allows). In what order should the company carry out the following steps?. A: either hire an agency or advertise the vacancy. B: establish whether there is an internal candidate who could be promoted (or moved sideways into the job). C: examine the job description for the post, to see whether it needs to be changed (or indeed whether the post needs to be filled). D: follow up the references of the candidate. E: invite the short-listed candidates for an interview. F: make a final selection. G: receive applications, CVs and covering letters and make a preliminary selection ( a short list). H: try to discover why the person has resigned. I: write to all the other candidates to inform them that they have been unsuccessful. Step 1 _____ Step 2 ______ Step 6 _____ Step 7 _____ Step 3 ______ Step 8 _____ Step 4 ______Step 5 _____ Step 9 _____ 11 12 This is the professonal life story of Dick Dukengas. Fill in the missing letters: 1.- Duke Dukengas has had a very up and down C_R_ _R. 2.- Aftert studying very little at university, he was R_CRU_ _ _D by a large advertising agency to work on a new campaign. 3.- But the agency soon S_CK_D him because he was always late. 4.- Another agency hired him and the FI _ _D him for the same reason. 5.- Agency number three not only hired him but PR_M_ _ _ D him to work on a very important campaign. 6.- The campaign was a disater and Dick was DEM _ _ _ D to teaboy. 7.- Soon after, the agency went bust and Dick was M_ DE R_D_ND_NT. 8.- Agency number four APP_ I_ T _D Dick to the position of Catering Manager. 9.- He did better this time and was not D _ SM _ _ S _ D. 10.- He stayed for many years and finally RET _ _ E _ with the good wishes of everyone in the company. Una práctica habitual en las compañías a la hora de cubrir una vacante consiste en poner un anuncio ( adevertisement) en un periódico o revista especializada. Hay cuatro puntos de información que siempre deben estar presentes en un buen anuncio: Posición (Job position) en letras mayúsculas o claramente identificable Requisitos (Job requirements) o perfil del candidato; títulos o conocimientos que el solicitante (applicant) debe tener Beneficios (Benefits): todo aquello que la compañía ofrece Dirección (Address) a la que podamos contestar, enviar nuestra solicitud (application); actualmente es muy frecuente encontrar direcciones de correo electrónico Como ejercicio abre un periódico y mira la sección de anuncios. Seguro que podrás ver reflejado esto que acabamos de decir. 12 13 .-Read these two advertisements. Write the position vacant you think they are for; underline the words and expressions used to describe a) requirements y b) benefits. We are a successful advertising agency located in the central business district. We are looking for someone with good keyboard skills. A pleasant telephone manner and the ability to deal with clients are also essential. We can offer the successful applicant an attractive salary and a pleasant work environment Our firm is one of the leading importers of engineering tools with offices close to the city centre. We are seeking a person who can sell and is willing to travel. A clean driving licence is essential. We are offering an attractive salary and benefits package including six weeks’ holiday a year a) ............................................. a) ............................................ ............................................. ............................................ .............................................. ............................................ b) ............................................ b) .............................................. ............................................ ................................................. ............................................ ................................................. Which advertisement is easier to read? Why? ........................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ Todas las personas interesadas en la oferta de trabajo que una compañía anuncie, contestarán enviando su Currículum Vitae (a partir de ahora CV), y además escribirán una carta que en inglés llamamos application letter. La persona que solicita (apply for) el empleo es el applicant. Tanto el CV como la carta tienen unos formatos que nos interesa conocer. 13 CV Debe incluir: Información personal (Personal Details / Information) Estudios ( Education / Educational Qualifications) Experiencia Laboral (Profesional Experience / Career History) Otros estudios (Skills) Intereses (Interests and Hobbies) Referencias (Referees) APPLICATION LETTER Es una carta formal, en la que debes señalar: por qué estás escribiendo (why you are writing) dónde supiste del empleo (where you learned about the position) por qué solicitas el puesto ofertado (why you would like to have the position) por qué crees que tú debes ocupar el puesto (why your employment would benefit the company) Fíjate en la siguiente carta: 1C/Lozano, 37-1º Izda. 28032 Madrid 2 British Airways Plc. Human Resources Dpt. 2, Kensington Rd. London W1 4Dear 3 17 March 2010 Sir/Madam, I am writing to apply for the Telesales Agent position you advertised in the newspaper last weekend. As you can see from my curriculum vitae, I have been working in telephone sales for three years. I have the First Certificate in English and a good knowledge of French. I can use Excel and Word programmes without any problems. And I would be willing to travel when necessary. I am available for an interview at any time. 5I look forward to hearing from you. 4 Yours faithfully, 14 Veamos ahora lo que indican los pequeños numeritos que aparecen al lado de algunas secciones de la carta: 1. The letter head: se escribe aquí la dirección (no el nombre!) de la persona que escribe la carta. Suele ir generalmente en el margen superior derecho. También podríamos llamarle sender’s address. 2. The inside adress: esta es la dirección de la persona que recibirá la carta. Puede incluir el nombre de la persona y su posición en la empresa, en el supuesto de que lo conozcamos. Esta dirección debe escribirse en el lado izquierdo de la carta. 3. The date: se coloca debajo del letter head. En inglés británico hay tres formas de escribir la fecha: o con números ordinales: 12th March 2010 o con números ordinales 12 March 2010 o anteponiendo el mes March 12 2010. Si en lugar de escribir el nombre del mes ponemos el número que le corresponda: 12.3.2010, recuerda que en inglés americano se escribe primero el mes y luego el día por lo que para un británico esta fecha sería el 12 de marzo, pero para un americano sería el 3 de diciembre. 4. Salutation / Conclusion: Si no conocemos el nombre de la persona que va a recibir la carta, como es el caso del ejemplo, escribiremos la frases: Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, Dear Sir/Madam, seguidos de una coma, y en la parte inferior escribiremos el conclusion: Yours faithfully. Si conocemos el nombre empezaremos Dear Mr. _______, Dear Ms. _______, y terminaremos: Yours sincerely, 5. Esta es una frase hecha con la que se acaban muchas cartas formales y que te vendrá bien memorizar. * Como ésta es una carta que va a acompañar a un currículo puede aparcer en la parte inferior izquierda el término Encl. seguido de un número. Significa Enclosures, y nos estaríag indicando cuál es la cantidad de documentos adjuntos que acompañan al escrito. 15 14 Insert the following words in the gaps in the text below: applicant application CV(résumé) job description application form employment agencies job vacancies apply candidate interview references short-listed Many people looking for work read the .................................................. advertised in newspapers by companies and ............................................. To reply to an advertisement is to ........................................ for a job. (You become a ....................................... or an .......................................) You write an ..........................................., or fill in the company’s ......................................................, and send it, along with your ............................................... and a covering letter*. You often have to give the names of two people who are prepared to write ..................................... for you. If your qualifications and abilities match the ..................................... you might be ..........................................., that is selected to attend an ........................................................ * recuerda que covering letter es lo mismo que decir application letter. 15 Complete the following formal letter (sólo escribo la parte central): Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing to ____________ for the _______________ of Executive Secretary as _______________ in the London News last week. As you can see in my ______________ CV I have been a secretary for ten years. German is my mother tongue and I also have a good ________________ of French. I am available for an _________________ at any time. I look ________________ ________________________ Yours ____________________________, 16 GRAMMAR POINT Los temas de gramática que revisamos en esta unidad, como se detalla en el índice, son Present Perfect ( y su contraste con el Past Simple) Questions Modals THE PRESENT PERFECT 1.- USO El presente perfecto simple es el tiempo que se utiliza en inglés a) para referirse a una acción que ocurrió en un tiempo de pasado no especificado, pero que tiene relevancia en el presente. I have found my purse b) para referirse a una acción que empezó en el pasado y todavía continúa en el presente. (normalmente acompañado de for y since) I have known James since 1995 c) para señalar periodos de tiempo no acabados. I haven’t studied today (imagina que ahora son las 5; “today” todavía no se ha acabado) d) para referirse a una acción que ocurrió de forma repetida en el pasado. I have read this book twice 2.- FORMA Se construye conjugando el presente del verbo “have” (“has para la tercera persona del singular), seguido del participio del verbo principal. Si el verbo es regular, la forma de participio se forma añadiendo al infinitivo “-ed”; si el verbo es irregular será necesario saber cuál es la forma de participio del verbo. They have opened a new branch in Málaga She has sent some mails this morning FORMA AFIRMATIVA HAS SUJETO + HAVE + PARTICIPIO + Complementos They have opened a new branch in Málaga 17 She has sent a some mails this morning FORMA NEGATIVA SUJETO + HAS + not + PARTICIPIO + Complementos HAVE They haven’t opened a new branch in Málaga She hasn’t sent any* mails this morning FORMA INTERROGATIVA / SHORT ANSWERS HAS SUJETO + PARTICIPIO + Complementos ? HAVE Yes, I /we/they have Yes, he /she has No, I /we /they haven’t No, he / she hasn’t Have they opened a new branch in Málaga? Has she sent any* mails this morning? FORMA INTERROGATIVA /WH-questions WHAT WHERE WHEN WHO WHY HAVE + + SUJETO + Complementos ? HAS Where have they opened a new branch? When has she sent the mails? In Málaga This morning *Se utiliza “some” en la formas afirmativas, pero “any” en las negativas e interrogativas Las expresiones temporales que suelen acompañar a este tiempo verbal son: just, yet, already, ever, never, lately, recently, so far, for, since, how long…. QUESTIONS Repasamos en este tema también la forma de hacer preguntas en inglés. Debemos recordar que lo que aquí estudiamos no es aplicable al verbo “to be”, que funciona de una manera particular. Dividiremos las preguntas en dos grandes grupos. A) YES/NO questions: al no llevar signo interrogativo al principio de la frase, la lengua busca otras estrategias para que los hablantes identifiquen la estructura con una forma interrogativa. Y así, todas las preguntas de 18 este tipo empiezan en inglés por el verbo auxiliar con el que se conforma cada uno de los tiempos verbales, a excepción de los tiempos presente simple y pasado simple, que por no llevar ningún auxiliar en sus formas afirmativas, necesitan añadir uno en la interrogativa. Fíjate en el siguiente cuadro: AUXILIAR Do Did Have Will SUJETO they they they they VERBO work work worked work Complementos ? in a factory? in a factory? in a factory? in a factory? B) WH- questions: son aquellas que buscan una respuesta que no sea yes o no. Se construyen igual que las anteriores, excepto por el hecho de que antes que el auxiliar pondremos el pronombre interrogativo necesario en cada caso: PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR INTERROGATIVO What Where When Why did do have will SUJETO VERBO (OTROS COMPLEMENTOS)? do work ? finished? hire in the factory? they they they they new staff? MODALS Los modales y los verbos semi-modales son verbos auxiliares que añaden distintos matices a las frases: capacidad, obligación, necesidad, sugerencia, …… Tienen la misma forma para todas las personas y van siempre seguidos del verbo en su forma de infinitivo, sin “to” ( a excepción del verbo modal ought to y del verbo semi-modal have to). They can speak French and German You must follow the instructions. We have to finish the report. Para hacer la forma negativa, simplemente añadimos “not” al verbo auxiliar. En las frases con can, el adverbio siempre se escribe junto al auxiliar formando una sola palabra. She cannot (can’t) use a computer. They must not (mustn’t) stop production. 19 Para hacer las frases interrogativas, el modal empieza la frase, colocándose delante del sujeto, como hacen el resto de auxiliares de la lengua inglesa. Could you answer the telephone, please? Must we wear formal clothes in the office? Aquí tienes un cuadro con los modales más frecuentes y algunos de los matices que cada uno puede aportar a la frase: MODAL CAN CAN’T COULD MAY /MIGHT SHOULD/OUGHT TO MUST MUSTN’T NEEDN’T (= don’t have to) USO EJEMPLO habilidad permiso imposibilidad incredulidad habilidad en el pasado posibilidad (no certeza) petición educada posibilidad futura petición educada y formal permiso (formal) consejo obligación probabilidad lógica obligación (severa) necesidad recomendación prohibición ausencia de necesidad I can speak French Can I use your pone? She can’t be away. I saw her at the office yesterday. She could speak French two years ago She could be in France or Italy. Could I have a drink? We may go to a resturant tomorrow. May I borrow your pen? You may use the computer. She should learn about computers. You should practise more often. He should be back in five minutes. We must drive with a seatbelt. You must get to the office early. We must go to the new restautrant. You mustn’t smoke in the office. You needn’t come early tomorrow. Estos auxiliares modales son además verbos defectivos, es decir, carecen de tiempos verbales. De hecho la gran mayoría sólo tienen una forma. Para expresar estas ideas en las formas de futuro o tiempos compuestos utilizaremos los verbos semi-modales “be able to” ( que significa “ser capaz de” ) y “have to” (que significa “tener que”). I will be able to finish the report tomorrow. They will have to unpack the boxes quickly. 20 PROJECT Puedes ir haciendo los siguientes ejercicios para repasar todo lo que se ha visto en este tema: 1.- ¿Qué reglamentación tiene tu empresa sobre “Health & Safety”? Explica lo mejor que puedas todo lo que se te ocurra respecto a este punto, y recuerda utilizar los modales. Por ejemplo, imagina un accidente que pudiera haber tenido lugar en tu empresa: cuándo, por qué, cómo, a quién,… 2.- Are there any differences among your employees when receiving their pay? Do you revise salaries? When? Why? 3.- Prioritise the following suggestions: Actively encourage women to return to work after maternity leave. Improve internal training opportunities, encouraging women to apply for internal promotion Encourage more part-time work, job-sharing, etc. with full employee rights. Introduce flexible time-tabling (flexitime) Provide crèche facilities. Improve maternity leave with full job security. Set a quota for female representation in management position. Corporate statement on sexual harassment to be included in employment conditions. More liberal attitude towards women’s choice of clothing. 4.- Design a course for your employees. Decide the title, the contents, and the place where it will take place. 5.- You need to fill in a vacancy in your company. Design the advertisement. 21